Compare Bouvet Island (2003) - Libya (2005)

Compare Bouvet Island (2003) z Libya (2005)

	Bouvet Island (2003)	Libya (2005)

Administrative divisions	-	25 municipalities (baladiyat, singular - baladiyah); Ajdabiya, Al 'Aziziyah, Al Fatih, Al Jabal al Akhdar, Al Jufrah, Al Khums, Al Kufrah, An Nuqat al Khams, Ash Shati', Awbari, Az Zawiyah, Banghazi, Darnah, Ghadamis, Gharyan, Misratah, Murzuq, Sabha, Sawfajjin, Surt, Tarabulus, Tarhunah, Tubruq, Yafran, Zlitan; note - the 25 municipalities may have been replaced by 13 regions
Age structure	-	0-14 years: 33.9% (male 997,364/female 955,272) 15-64 years: 62% (male 1,842,775/female 1,729,235) 65 years and over: 4.2% (male 117,967/female 122,950) (2005 est.)
Agriculture - products	-	wheat, barley, olives, dates, citrus, vegetables, peanuts, soybeans; cattle
Airports	-	139 (2004 est.)
Airports - with paved runways	-	total: 59 over 3,047 m: 23 2,438 to 3,047 m: 6 1,524 to 2,437 m: 23 914 to 1,523 m: 5 under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways	-	total: 80 over 3,047 m: 5 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 14 914 to 1,523 m: 41 under 914 m: 18 (2004 est.)
Area	total: 58.5 sq km land: 58.5 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 1,759,540 sq km land: 1,759,540 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC	slightly larger than Alaska
Background	This uninhabited volcanic island is almost entirely covered by glaciers and is difficult to approach. It was discovered in 1739 by a French naval officer after whom the island was named. No claim was made until 1825, when the British flag was raised. In 1928, the UK waived its claim in favor of Norway, which had occupied the island the previous year. In 1971, Bouvet Island and the adjacent territorial waters were designated a nature reserve. Since 1977, Norway has run an automated meteorological station on the island.	From the earliest days of his rule following his 1969 military coup, Col. Muammar Abu Minyar al-QADHAFI has espoused his own political system, the Third Universal Theory. The system is a combination of socialism and Islam derived in part from tribal practices and is supposed to be implemented by the Libyan people themselves in a unique form of "direct democracy." QADHAFI has always seen himself as a revolutionary and visionary leader. He used oil funds during the 1970s and 1980s to promote his ideology outside Libya, supporting subversives and terrorists abroad to hasten the end of Marxism and capitalism. In addition, beginning in 1973, he engaged in military operations in northern Chad's Aozou Strip - to gain access to minerals and to use as a base of influence in Chadian politics - but was forced to retreat in 1987. UN sanctions in 1992 isolated QADHAFI politically following the downing of Pan AM Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland. Libyan support for terrorism appeared to have decreased after the imposition of sanctions. During the 1990s, QADHAFI also began to rebuild his relationships with Europe. UN sanctions were suspended in April 1999 and finally lifted in September 2003 after Libya resolved the Lockerbie case. In December 2003, Libya announced that it had agreed to reveal and end its programs to develop weapons of mass destruction, and QADHAFI has made significant strides in normalizing relations with western nations since then. He has received various Western European leaders as well as many working-level and commercial delegations, and made his first trip to Western Europe in 15 years when he traveled to Brussels in April 2004. QADHAFI also finally resolved in 2004 several outstanding cases against his government for terrorist activities in the 1980s by paying compensation to the families of victims of the UTA and La Belle disco bombings.
Birth rate	-	26.82 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Budget	-	revenues: $13.52 billion expenditures: $12.23 billion, including capital expenditures of $5.6 billion (2004 est.)
Capital	-	Tripoli
Climate	antarctic	Mediterranean along coast; dry, extreme desert interior
Coastline	29.6 km	1,770 km
Constitution	-	11 December 1969; amended 2 March 1977
Country name	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Bouvet Island	conventional long form: Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya conventional short form: Libya local long form: Al Jumahiriyah al Arabiyah al Libiyah ash Shabiyah al Ishtirakiyah al Uzma local short form: none
Death rate	-	3.48 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Debt - external	-	$4.069 billion (2004 est.)
Dependency status	territory of Norway; administered by the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice and Police from Oslo	-
Diplomatic representation from the US	-	the US suspended all embassy activities in Tripoli in May 1980, resumed embassy activities in February 2004 under the protective power of the US interests section of the Belgian Embassy in Tripoli, then opened a Liaison Office in Tripoli in June 2004
Diplomatic representation in the US	-	Libya does not have an embassy in the US but maintains an interest section under the protective power of the United Arab Emirates Embassy in the US
Disputes - international	none	Libya has claimed more than 32,000 sq km in southeastern Algeria and about 25,000 sq km in Niger in currently dormant disputes; various Chadian rebels from the Aozou region reside in southern Libya
Economic aid - recipient	-	$4.4 million ODA (2002)
Economy - overview	no economic activity; declared a nature reserve	The Libyan economy depends primarily upon revenues from the oil sector, which contribute practically all export earnings and about one-quarter of GDP. These oil revenues and a small population give Libya one of the highest per capita GDPs in Africa, but little of this income flows down to the lower orders of society. Libyan officials in the past four years have made progress on economic reforms as part of a broader campaign to reintegrate the country into the international fold. This effort picked up steam after UN sanctions were lifted in September 2003 and as Libya announced in December 2003 that it would abandon programs to build weapons of mass destruction. Almost all US unilateral sanctions against Libya were removed in April 2004. Libya faces a long road ahead in liberalizing the socialist-oriented economy, but initial steps - including applying for WTO membership, reducing some subsidies, and announcing plans for privatization - are laying the groundwork for a transition to a more market-based economy. The non-oil manufacturing and construction sectors, which account for about 20% of GDP, have expanded from processing mostly agricultural products to include the production of petrochemicals, iron, steel, and aluminum. Climatic conditions and poor soils severely limit agricultural output, and Libya imports about 75% of its food.
Electricity - consumption	-	19.43 billion kWh (2002)
Electricity - exports	-	0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - imports	-	0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - production	-	20.89 billion kWh (2002)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: South Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Olav Peak 935 m	lowest point: Sabkhat Ghuzayyil -47 m highest point: Bikku Bitti 2,267 m
Environment - current issues	NA	desertification; very limited natural fresh water resources; the Great Manmade River Project, the largest water development scheme in the world, is being built to bring water from large aquifers under the Sahara to coastal cities
Environment - international agreements	-	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Ethnic groups	-	Berber and Arab 97%, Greeks, Maltese, Italians, Egyptians, Pakistanis, Turks, Indians, Tunisians
Exchange rates	-	Libyan dinars per US dollar - 1.305 (2004), 1.2929 (2003), 1.2707 (2002), 0.6051 (2001), 0.5122 (2000)
Executive branch	-	chief of state: Revolutionary Leader Col. Muammar Abu Minyar al-QADHAFI (since 1 September 1969); note - holds no official title, but is de facto chief of state head of government: Secretary of the General People's Committee (Prime Minister) Shukri Muhammad GHANIM (since 14 June 2003) cabinet: General People's Committee established by the General People's Congress elections: national elections are indirect through a hierarchy of people's committees; head of government elected by the General People's Congress; election last held 2 March 2000 (next to be held NA) election results: NA
Exports	-	NA
Exports - commodities	-	crude oil, refined petroleum products, natural gas
Exports - partners	-	Italy 37%, Germany 16.6%, Spain 11.9%, Turkey 7.1%, France 6.2% (2004)
Fiscal year	-	calendar year
Flag description	the flag of Norway is used	plain green; green is the traditional color of Islam (the state religion)
GDP - composition by sector	-	agriculture: 8.7% industry: 45.7% services: 45.6% (2004 est.)
GDP - per capita	-	purchasing power parity - $6,700 (2004 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	-	4.9% (2004 est.)
Geographic coordinates	54 26 S, 3 24 E	25 00 N, 17 00 E
Geography - note	covered by glacial ice; declared a nature reserve	more than 90% of the country is desert or semidesert
Heliports	-	1 (2004 est.)
Highways	-	total: 83,200 km paved: 47,590 km unpaved: 35,610 km (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	-	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Imports	-	NA
Imports - commodities	-	machinery, transport equipment, semi-finished goods, food, consumer products (1999)
Imports - partners	-	Italy 25.5%, Germany 11%, South Korea 6.1%, UK 5.4%, Tunisia 4.7%, Turkey 4.6% (2004)
Independence	-	24 December 1951 (from Italy)
Industrial production growth rate	-	NA
Industries	-	petroleum, iron and steel, food processing, textiles, handicrafts, cement
Infant mortality rate	-	total: 24.6 deaths/1,000 live births male: 26.92 deaths/1,000 live births female: 22.17 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	-	2.9% (2004 est.)
International organization participation	-	ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AMU, AU, CAEU, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer), WToO
Irrigated land	0 sq km (1998 est.)	4,700 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	-	Supreme Court
Labor force	-	1.59 million (2004 est.)
Labor force - by occupation	-	agriculture 17%, industry 29%, services 54% (1997 est.)
Land boundaries	0 km	total: 4,348 km border countries: Algeria 982 km, Chad 1,055 km, Egypt 1,115 km, Niger 354 km, Sudan 383 km, Tunisia 459 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (93% ice) (1998 est.)	arable land: 1.03% permanent crops: 0.19% other: 98.78% (2001)
Languages	-	Arabic, Italian, English, all are widely understood in the major cities
Legal system	the laws of Norway, where applicable, apply	based on Italian civil law system and Islamic law; separate religious courts; no constitutional provision for judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch	-	unicameral General People's Congress (NA seats; members elected indirectly through a hierarchy of people's committees)
Life expectancy at birth	-	total population: 76.5 years male: 74.29 years female: 78.82 years (2005 est.)
Literacy	-	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 82.6% male: 92.4% female: 72% (2003 est.)
Location	island in the South Atlantic Ocean, southwest of the Cape of Good Hope (South Africa)	Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt and Tunisia
Map references	Antarctic Region	Africa
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 4 NM	territorial sea: 12 nm note: Gulf of Sidra closing line - 32 degrees, 30 minutes north
Merchant marine	-	total: 17 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 129,627 GRT/105,110 DWT by type: cargo 7, liquefied gas 3, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 1, roll on/roll off 4 foreign-owned: 1 (Algeria 1) (2005)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of Norway	-
Military branches	-	Armed Peoples on Duty (Army), Navy, Air Force, Air Defense Command
Military expenditures - dollar figure	-	$1.3 billion (FY99)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	-	3.9% (FY99)
National holiday	-	Revolution Day, 1 September (1969)
Nationality	-	noun: Libyan(s) adjective: Libyan
Natural hazards	NA	hot, dry, dust-laden ghibli is a southern wind lasting one to four days in spring and fall; dust storms, sandstorms
Natural resources	none	petroleum, natural gas, gypsum
Net migration rate	-	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Pipelines	-	condensate 225 km; gas 3,611 km; oil 7,252 km (2004)
Political parties and leaders	-	none
Political pressure groups and leaders	-	various Arab nationalist movements with almost negligible memberships may be functioning clandestinely, as well as some Islamic elements; an anti-QADHAFI Libyan exile movement exists, primarily based in London, but has little influence
Population	uninhabited (July 2003 est.)	5,765,563 note: includes 166,510 non-nationals (July 2005 est.)
Population below poverty line	-	NA
Population growth rate	-	2.33% (2005 est.)
Ports and harbors	none; offshore anchorage only	As Sidrah, Az Zuwaytinah, Marsa al Burayqah, Ra's Lanuf, Tripoli, Zawiyah
Radio broadcast stations	-	AM 16, FM 3, shortwave 3 (2002)
Railways	-	0 km note: Libya is working on 7 lines totaling 2,757 km of 1.435-m gauge track; it hopes to have trains running by 2008 (2004)
Religions	-	Sunni Muslim 97%
Sex ratio	-	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.96 male(s)/female total population: 1.05 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Suffrage	-	18 years of age; universal and compulsory
Telephone system	-	general assessment: telecommunications system is being modernized; mobile cellular telephone system became operational in 1996 domestic: microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, cellular, tropospheric scatter, and a domestic satellite system with 14 earth stations international: country code - 218; satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat, NA Arabsat, and NA Intersputnik; submarine cables to France and Italy; microwave radio relay to Tunisia and Egypt; tropospheric scatter to Greece; participant in Medarabtel (1999)
Telephones - main lines in use	-	750,000 (2003)
Telephones - mobile cellular	-	100,000 (2003)
Television broadcast stations	-	12 (plus one low-power repeater) (1999)
Terrain	volcanic; coast is mostly inaccessible	mostly barren, flat to undulating plains, plateaus, depressions
Total fertility rate	-	3.34 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Unemployment rate	-	30% (2004)
Waterways	none	-

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